CEREBRAL AUTOREGULATION IS TRANSIENTLY IMPAIRED IN ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS; MODULATION BY PHYSICAL EXERCISE. PN Ainslie1, K Evans2, DM Bailey2. 1Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 2Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, UK. Email: philip.ainslie@stonebow.otago.ac.nz.

INTERMITTENT SIMULATED HYPOXIA VIA RE-BREATHING IMPROVES CYCLING PERFORMANCE. CJ Babcock, TE Kirby.. Sport and Exercise Science, Physical Activity and Educational Services, The Ohio State University. Email: babcock.11@osu.edu.

NORMOBARIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIC EXPOSURE DOES NOT ALTER CARDIORESPIRATORY RESPONSES DURING STEADY-STATE EXERCISE AT 4300 M. Beth Beidleman, Stephen Muza, Charles Fulco, Janet Staab, Eric Lammi, Juli Jones, Allen Cymerman. U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine. Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division. Email: beth.beidleman@na.amedd.army.mil.

OPTIC DISC SWELLING AT HIGH ALTITUDES. Martina M. Bosch1, Daniel Barthelmes1, Tobias M. Merz2, Konrad E. Bloch3, Alexander J. Turk3, Urs Hefti4, Florian PK Sutter1, MG Wirth1, Marco Maggiorini5, Klara Landau1. 1Ophtalmology Kinik, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, 2Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland, 3Pneumology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland, 4Department of Surgery, Kantosspital, Aarau, Switzerland, 5Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. Email: klinmax@usz.unizh.ch.

EFFECT OF ASCENT PROTOCOL ON ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS IN CLIMBERS ON MUZTAGH ATA (7546M). Konrad E. Bloch1, Alexander J. Turk1, Tsogyal D. Latshang1, Otto D. Schoch2, Thomas Hess3, Tobias Merz4, Urs Hefti5, Martina M. Bosch6, Daniel Barthelmes6, Marco Maggiorini7. 1Pulmonary Division, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland, 2Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland, 3Kantonsspital, Winterthur, Switzerland, 4Intensive Care, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland, 5Kantonsspital, Aarau, Switzerland, 6Opthalmology, University Hospital, Zurich Switzerland, 7Intensive Care, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. Email: pneubloc@usz.unizh.ch.

ALTO2LAB, A SIMPLE, HAND-HELD, RE-BREATHING DEVICE, ACHIEVES ACCURATE HYPOXIC CONDITIONS AT LOW COST. RA Backhaus1, R Cote1, CJ Babcock2. 1Pharma Pacific, PO Box 50803, Phoenix, AZ 85076-0803, 2, Sport & Exercise Sci, Ohio State Univ, Columbus OH. Email: rabackhaus@pharmapacific.com.

EUROPEANS AT HIGH-ALTITUDE AND PREECLAMPTIC ANDEANS REDISTRIBUTE BLOOD FLOW TO FAVOR THE LOWER BODY BY DIFFERENT MECHANISMS. VA Browne1, L Toledo-Jaldin4, RD Davila3, 4, LP Lopez4, E Vargas4, A Rodriguez4, M Aguilar4, D Cioffi-Ragan2, LG Moore1, 3. 1Altitude Research Center, Dept of Surgery, Div. Emergency Medicine UCDHSC Denver, CO, 2Dept. Obstetrics and Gynecology UCDHSC Denver, CO, 3Dept. Health/Behavioral Sciences UCDHSC Denver, CO, 4Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia.Email: Vaughn.Browne@uchsc.edu.

DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR INCREASED PULMONARY FREE RADICAL GENERATION IN AMS AND HAPE. Damian Bailey1, Christoph Dehnert2, Peter Bartsch2, Heimo Mairbaeurl2, Andrew Luks3, Mariuz Gutowski1, Elmar Menold2, Vitaly Faoro4, Christian Castell2, Guido Schendler2, Erik Swenson3, Marc Berger2, 5. 1Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, UK, 2Department of Internal Medicine VII, University of Heidelberg, Germany, 3Department of Medicine, University of Washington, USA, 4Department of Pathophysiology, University of Brussels, Belgium., 5Department of Anesthesiology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. Email: dbailey1@glam.ac.uk.

RESPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IMPROVES TIME TRIAL PERFORMANCE MORE IN HYPOXIA THAN IN NORMOXIA. Julie Chambault1, Grégorine Grand1, Bengt Kayser2. 1School of Physical Therapy, HES, Geneva., 2Institute of Movement Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland. Email: bengt.kayser@medecine.unige.ch.

THE OLFACTORY SYSTEM REGULATES ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS. Vidyasagar Casikar1, Savitha Nagabhushana2, Venkatesh Thuppil3. 1Dept of Neurosurgery,Nepean Hospital, NSW 2750, Australia, 2Dept of Biochemistry, St John's Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560034, India, 3Dept of Biochemistry, St John's Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560034, India. Email: casikarv@gmail.com.

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR RESPONSE IS DELAYED IN ACUTE ACCLIMATIZATION TO HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA. C Chan1, H Rhodes2, K Chesterman3, P Collins4, K Pattinson5, C Imray6, A Wright7. 1Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, Merseyside, U.K., 2Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society, Birmingham, U.K., 3Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society, Birmingham, U.K., 4SMART Medical, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, U.K., 5Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K., 6University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, U.K., 7Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society, Birmingham, U.K. Email: colin.chan@mac.com.

ARTERIAL COMPLIANCE AND VASCULAR TONE IN ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS. C Chan1, H Rhodes2, K Chesterman2, P Collins3, K Pattinson4, C Imray5, A Wright2. 1Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, Merseyside, U.K., 2Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society, Birmingham, U.K., 3SMART Medical, Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire, U.K., 4Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, U.K., 5University Hospital of Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, U.K. Email: colin.chan@mac.com.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TREKKERS ATTEMPTING MT KILIMANJARO. Andrew Davies1, Suzy Stokes1, Adam Whitehead1, Ian Tyrrell-Marsh1, Mark Earl1, Hannah Frost1, Nicholas Kalson1, Nicholas Truman1, Jon Naylor2. 1Manchester Altitude Research Society, University of Manchester, 2Peterborough District Hospital. Email: andrewjohndavies@hotmail.com.

NO CHANGE OF LUNG VOLUMES AND COMPLIANCE MEASURED BY BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPHY IN AMS AT 4559 M.  Christoph Dehnert1, Andrew Luks2, Guigo Schendler1, Elmar Menold1, Marc M. Berger3, Christian Castell1, Vitalie Faoro4, Heimo Mairbäurl1, Damian M. Bailey5, Erik R. Swenson2, Peter Bärtsch1   1University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine VII, Sports Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany2VA Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seattle, USA3University Hospital Heidelberg, Department of Anaesthesiology, Heidelberg, Germany4Department of Pathophysiology, University of Brussels, Belgium5University of Glamorgan, Department of Physiology, Pontypridd, United Kingdom. Email: christoph.dehnert@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

SLEEP QUALITY AND NOCTURNAL DESATURATION DURING AN EXTENDED STAY AT HIGH ALTITUDE. Gerald Dubowitz1, Allison Mulcahy2, Hale Hansen3. 1Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, 2 Alameda County Emergency Medical Center, Highland Hospital , Oakland CA, 3 Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Email: dubowitz@anesthesia.ucsf.edu.

NOCTURNAL EPISODIC HYPOXIA AND RESPIRATORY CHEMOREFLEX RESPONSIVENESS. James Duffin1,2, Tu Diep1. 1Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 2Anaesthesia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. Email: j.duffin@utoronto.ca.

SYSTEMIC NITRIC OXIDE BIO-AVAILABILITY IS NOT IMPLICATED IN THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF AMS. KA Evans1, PP James2, PN Ainslie3, L Fall1, P Martins1, E Kewley1, DM Bailey1. 1Hypoxia Research Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Glamorgan, UK, 2Wales Heart Research Institute, University of Wales College of Medicine, UK, 3Department of Physiology, University of Otago, New Zealand. Email: kaevans@glam.ac.uk .

PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLISM AT HIGH ALTITUDE: REPORT OF A CASE AND THE APPLICATION OF ULTRASOUND IN A REMOTE HIGH ALTITUDE SETTING. Peter J. Fagenholz1,5, Jonathan A. Gutman2,5, Alice F. Murray3,5, Vicki E. Noble4, Anette Wu1, N. Stuart Harris4. 1Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Washington Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 3Emergency Department, New Royal Infirmary of Endinburgh, 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5Himalayan Rescue Association Pheriche Clinic, Spring 2006. Email: pfagenholz@partners.org.

TREATMENT OF HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA IS FEASIBLE AT 4240M WITH DELAYED RATHER THAN IMMEDIATE DESCENT. Peter J. Fagenholz1,5, Jonathan A. Gutman2,5, Alice F. Murray3,5, N. Stuart Harris4. 1Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 2Hematology-Oncology Division, University of Washington Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 3Emergency Department, New Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 4Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5Himalayan Rescue Association Pheriche Clinic, Spring 2006. Email: pfagenholz@partners.org.

CHEMORECEPTOR RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM ACTIVITY AND THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO ACUTE HYPOXIA. Forth, RJ1, 2, Humphries, SE2, Prisk, GK3, West, JB3. 1Institute of Health and Human Performance, Royal Free & University College London Medical School, London, UK, 2Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, Royal Free & University College London Medical School, London, UK, 3Division of Physiology, Dept. of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. Email: r.forth@ucl.ac.uk.

EVIDENCE THAT ELEVATED HEMATOCRIT AND ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE ARE EARLY MARKERS FOR CATTLE AT RISK FOR HIGH MOUNTAIN DISEASE. Brandon Fraser1 , Tim Holt1, Ashley Hill1, Erik Swenson2, Peter Bartsch3, Max Gassmann4, Martha Tissot van Patot5. 1Clinical Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, CO, USA, 2Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, 3Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany, 4Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 5Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, CO, USA. Email:

MITOCHONDRIAL MECHANISMS OF HIGH ALTITUDE ADAPTATION OF TIBETAN. Yuqi Gao1, Xiuxin Zhao1, Wenxiang Gao1, Lang Suo2, Jian Chen1. 1Institute of High Altitude Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China., 2Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, the first People's Hospital of Tibet autonomous region, Lhasa 850000, China. Email: gyq@mail.tmmu.com.cn.

HYPERCARBIA DURING REPEATED RADIOTHERAPY MAY REDUCE TUMOR RADIOSENSITIVITY: EARLY OBSERVATIONS. Jay Han1, 2, Marat Slessarev1, 2, Daniel Mandell3, Julien Poublanc3, Alexandra Mardimae1, 2, Eitan Prisman2, Barbara-Ann Millar4, 5, Normand Laperriere4, 5, Joseph A. Fisher1, 2, David J. Mikulis3, Cynthia Menard4, 5. 1Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 2Department of Anesthesia, University Health Network, 3Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, 4Radiation Medicine Program, University Health Network, 5Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto. Email: Jay.han@uhn.on.ca.

ROLE OF EPO AND NMDA RECEPTORS IN VENTILATORY ACCLIMATIZATION TO HYPOXIA IN A MODEL OF ANEMIC TRANSGENIC MICE. Raja El Hasnaoui, Thierry Launay, Aurélien Pichon, Patricia Quidu, Alain Duvallet, Jean-Paul Richalet, Fabrice Favret. Université Paris 13, EA2363 "Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie". Bobigny, France. Email: rajaelhasnaoui@hotmail.com.

INTERNATIONAL HAPE REGISTRY SCORE PROPOSED. N. Stuart Harris1, Peter Bartsch2, Buddha Basnyat3, Marco Maggiorini4, James Milledge5, Susan Niermeyer6. 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 2Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik (Krehl-Klinik), Innere Medizin VII: Sportmedizin, Heidelberg, Germany, 3Nepal International Clinic, Katmandu, Nepal, 4Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland., 5Hon. Professor University College, London., 6Neonatology, The Childrens Hospital, Denver, Colorado. Email: nsharris@partners.org.

ACCURATE INDUCTION AND MEASUREMENT OF ALVEOLAR PCO2. Shoji Ito2, Alexandra Mardimae1, 2, Ludwik Fedorko2, Rita Katznelson2, Leonid Minkovich2, Cathie Kessler2, Jay Han1, 2, Marat Slessarev1, 2, James Duffin1, Joseph Fisher1, 2. 11Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 22Department of Anaesthesia, University Health Network. Email: sho2ito@yahoo.co.jp.

CASE REPORT OF EXCELLENT OUTCOME WITH KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA AT 4272 METERS IN A RURAL SETTING IN NEPAL. LD Johannson1, MPW Grocott2. 1Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2Centre for Aviation, Space, and Extreme Environment Medicine, University College London, London, UK. Email: ljohannson@yahoo.com.

NEW INITIATIVE: GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MOUNTAIN MEDICINE AND HIGH ALTITUDE PHYSIOLOGY. Linda Johannson1, Esteban Ortiz1, Taj Jadavji1, Jon Kolb3, Buddha Basnyat4, Fabiola Léon-Velarde5, Marc Poulin1,2,3. 1Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada, 2Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada, 3Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB, Canada, 4Nepal International Clinic, Kathmandu Nepal, 5Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima Peru. Email: poulin@ucalgary.ca.

MAXIMAL AEROBIC PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN UPON FAST ASCENT TO HIGH ALTITUDE. S Kriemler1,2, M Zehnder2, M Kohler3, KE Bloch3, HP Brunner-La Rocca4, U Boutellier2. 1Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Basel, 2Exercise Physiology, ETH-University of Zurich, 3Pulmonary Division, University Hospital of Zurich, 4Cardiology, University Hospital of Basel, Switzerland. Email: susi.kriemler@unibas.ch.

SIMILARITY OF IBUPROFEN AND ACETAZOLAMIDE IN THE PREVENTION OF HIGH ALTITUDE HEADACHE: THE HEADACHE EVALUATION AT ALTITUDE TRIAL (HEAT). GS Lipman1, JH Gertsch2, PS Holck3, B Basnyat4, AL Merritt5, EA Weiss6, for the HEAT group7. 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Hospital, 2Department of Neurology, Stanford Univeristy Hospital, 3Department of Public Health Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Hawaii, 4Himalyan Rescue Association, 5Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 6Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University Hospital, 7Affiliated Programs. Email: grantlip@hotmail.com.

A SINGLE INTRAVENOUS DOSE OF ACETAZOLAMIDE DOES NOT BLOCK HYPOXIC PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION IN HUMANS. A.M. Luks, E.R. Swenson. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington. Email: aluks@u.washington.edu.

THE CARDIAC OUTPUT RESPONSE TO NEGATIVE INSPIRATORY PRESSURE DURING ORTHOSTATIC STRESS. Alexandra Mardimae1, 2, Cathie Kessler2, Shoji Ito2, Jay Han1, 2, Marat Slessarev1, 2, Jim Duffin1, Lorne Chi3, 4, Milos Popovic3, 4, Joseph Fisher1, 2. 1Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 2Department of Anaesthesia, University Health Network, 3Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto. Email: a.mardimae@utoronto.ca.

NORMOBARIC INTERMITTENT HYPOXIC EXPOSURES DECREASE AMS AT 4300 M ALTITUDE. Stephen Muza, Charles Fulco, Beth Beidleman, Janet Staab, Michael Tapia, Sarah Elliott, Leonard Elliott, Elizabeth Root, Alison Money, Allen Cymerman. Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, USARIEM. Email: stephen.muza@us.army.mil.

DISTORTION PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS (DPOAE): A NEW TOOL TO ASSESS ELEVATED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE AND CENTRAL OXYGENATION AT EXTREME ALTITUDE? Bernhard Olzowy1,2, Gregor Gleichenstein2, Klaus Mees1. 1Department for otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 2Walter Brendel Insitute for Physiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich. Email: bernhard.olzowy@med.uni-muenchen.de.

A SURVEY OF ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS IN VISITORS AND ASTRONOMY WORKERS ON THE SUMMIT OF MAUNA KEA. Janet Onopa, Amanda Haley, Mei Ean Yeow. Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa. Email: jonopa@hawaii.edu.

EXERCISE-INDUCED RIGHT TO LEFT SHUNTING IN HEALTHY HUMANS AT HIGH ALTITUDE. K T S Pattinson1, A D Wright2, C W Chan2, C H E Imray3. 1Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, UK, 2The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., 3Coventry and Warwickshire County Vascular Unit, UHCW NHS Trust, Coventry, UK. Email: kyletsp@postmaster.co.uk.

ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIA: HEART MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES AND RESPONSES TO ATROPINE AND ISOPROTERENOL IN OCHOTONA CURZONIAE (PIKA). Aurélien Pichon1, Yun Haixia2, Bai Zhenzhong2, Guoen Jin2, Fabrice Favret1, Jean Paul Richalet1, Ri-Li Ge2. 1Université Paris 13,UFR SMBH, EA2363 «Réponses cellulaires et fonctionnelles à l'hypoxie», ARPE, STAPS, Bobigny, France, 2Qinghai University Medical College, Research Centre for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, R. P. China. Email: aurelien.pichon@orange.fr.

EFFECT OF ACCLIMATISATION ON THE VENTILATORY THRESHOLD IN HUMANS AT HIGH ALTITUDE. A KEY TO UNDERSTANDING SUBSTRATE UTILISATION ASSOCIATED WITH ACCLIMATISATION AT HIGH ALTITUDE. KTS Pattinson1, CHE Imray1,3, SD Myers1, CW Chan1, AD Wright1, BM Biccard1. 1Birmingham Medical Research Expeditionary Society, The Medical School, Birmingham, UK, 2Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, University of Oxford, UK, 3County Vascular Unit, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK. Email: kyletsp@postmaster.co.uk.

EFFECTS OF INHALED ACETAZOLAMIDE ON PULMONARY VASOCONSTRICTION AND ACID - BASE CHANGES DURING ACUTE HYPOXIA. PA Pickerodt1, F Krüger1, RCE Francis1, W Boemke1, ER Swenson2, C Höhne1. 1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité –Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany, 2Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA. Email: philipp.pickerodt@charite.de.

SIMULATING RENAL ISCHEMIA IN VITRO VIA LOW O2, ELEVATED CO2, AND GLUCOSE DEPLETION ALTERS CELLULAR BEHAVIOR. Alissa L. Russ1, Karen M. Haberstroh2, Ann E. Rundell1. 1Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 2Division of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI. Email: aruss@purdue.edu.

ASTHMA AND EXTREME ALTITUDE. Tineke E.J. Renkema1, Henrike K. Huismans2, Huib A.M. Kerstjens2, W. Rob Douma2. 1Refaja Hospital, Department of Pulmonology, Stadskanaal, The Netherlands, 2University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. Email: bregkema@home.nl.

ECONOMY OF ADAPTATION TO EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS: THE EXAMPLE OF HIGH ALTITUDE. Jean-Paul Richalet. EA2363, ARPE, UFR SMBH, University Paris 13. Email: richalet@smbh.univ-paris13.fr.

CHEMOREFLEX CONTROL OF BREATHING IN HIMALAYAN AND SEA-LEVEL RESIDENTS.  M Slessarev1, E Prisman1, S Ito1, R Watson2, D Jensen3, D Preiss1, R Greene4, T Norboo5, T Stobdan5, D Diskit6, A Norboo6, M Kunzang7, JA Fisher1, J Duffin1, O Appenzeller8   1Departments of Anesthesia and Physiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto2University of California, San Diego33School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Clinical Exercise Physiology Lab Respiratory Investigation Unit, Queen's University4New Mexico Highlands University5Ladakh Institute of Prevention and Ladakh Heart Foundation6Sonam Norboo memorial hospital Leh, Ladakh7Ladakh autonomous hill development council8NMHEMCRF, Albuquerque, NM. Email:  marat.slessarev@utoronto.ca.

INTERMITTENT MODERATE HYPOXIA IMPROVE ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT VASORELAXATION IN RAT. Martin Skrove1, Anja Bye2, Are Løset3, Ulrik Wisløff4, Alf O. Brubakk5. 1Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, 2Department of Cardiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Email: skrove@stud.ntnu.no.

ELEVATED CIRCULATING SUCCINATE AND LACTATE, URINARY 15-F2T- BIOLOGICAL MARKERS REFLECTING THE HYPOXIC RESPONSE IN HUMANS ACUTELY EXPOSED TO 4,200 M. Martha C. Tissot van Patot1,2, Natalie Serkova1,2, Manuel Haschke2, Doug Kominsky2, Paige Sheen1, Valerie Griffith1, Jason Roosa1, Robert Roach1, Thomas K. Henthorn1,2 and Benjamin Honigman1. 1The Altitude Research Center, and the 2Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Denver, 3Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. Email: martha.tissotvanpatot@uchsc.edu.

INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS IN LADAKH HIGHLANDERS. R.R. Watson1, E.R. Greene2, E. Prisman3, M. Slessarev3, S Ito3, T Norboo4, T Stobdan4, D Diskit5, A Norboo5, M Kunzang6, J.A. Fisher3, O. Appenzeller7. 1USCD, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, 2NMHU, 323 Hilton Sci Bldg, Las Vegas, NM, 87701, 3U of T, Toronto Gen Hosp, Toronto, M5G 2C4, Canada, 4LIP/LHF, Leh, Ladakh, India, 5S Norboo Mem Hosp, Leh, Ladakh, India, 6LAHDC, Leh, Ladakh, India, 7NMHEMCRF, 361 Big Horn Ridge NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87122. Email: joe.fisher@utoronto.ca .

INFLUENCES OF HYPERTHERMIA, ISOCAPNIA AND POIKILOCAPNIA ON THE HYPOXIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE. Matthew D. White, Andrew N. Curtis, Michael L. Walsh. School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University. Email: matt@sfu.ca.

DEVELOPMENT OF A BREATH BY BREATH END-TIDAL FORCING SYSTEM. Michael L. Walsh, Andrew N. Curtis, Matthew D. White. School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University. Email: walsha@sfu.ca.

ADAPTATION TO ALTITUDE AS A VEHICLE FOR EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING OF CARDIOPULMONARY PHYSIOLOGY BY UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES. David Weigle1, Amelia Buben2, Caitlin Burke2, Nels Carroll2, Brett Cook2, Benjamin Davis2, Rian Fisher2, Timothy Freeman2, Stephen Gibbons2, Hale Hansen2, Kimberly Heys2, Brittany Hopkins2, Brittany Jordan2, Katherine McElwain2, Katherine Reinhart2, Charles Robbins2. 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 2College of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington. Email: weigle@u.washington.edu.

HIGH ALTITUDE PULMONARY EDEMA AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME: COMPARISON OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND TREATMENT. U Yousaf1, HJ Hansen2. 1Dept. of Surgery, Dronning Ingrids Hospital, Nuuk, Greenland, 2Dept. of Thoracic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark. Email: umbreen@dadlnet.dk.

SYMPATHETIC RESTRAINT OF MUSCLE BLOOD FLOW DURING HYPOXIC EXERCISE. Michael Stickland, Curtis Smith, Juan Robles, Benjamin Soriano, Jerome Dempsey. John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison. Email: michael.stickland@ualberta.ca.

CONTRIBUTION OF RESPIRATORY CHEMOSENSITIVIES ON BREATH HOLDING PERFORMANCE. Mari Yokoi1, Chikako Yoshino2, Atsuko Masuda1, Shigeru Masuyama1. 1Faculty of Health Science, Ryotokuji University, 2Chiba College of Allied Medical. Email: yokoi@ryotokuji-u.ac.jp.

HYPOXIC VENTILATORY RESPONSE: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO ARTERIAL OXYGEN SATURATION.  Craig Steinback1, Marc Poulin1,2,3,4   1Physiology & Biophysics2Clinical Neurosciences3Faculty of Medicine4Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary Alberta, T2N 4N1 Canada. Email: cdsteinb@uwo.ca